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Published on: February 3, 2021
Advanced Handover Decision with Mobility Awareness for 5G/6G Mobile Networks in Ultra-Dense and Smart Cities Area
Soule Issa Loutfi1, Ibraheem Shayea2, Ufuk Tureli1
1Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
A new mobility-aware handover decision algorithm enhances 5G-A and 6G networks by combining reference signal received power (RSRP) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for seamless high-speed user connectivity.
Area of Science:
- Telecommunications Engineering
- Wireless Communication Systems
- Network Performance Optimization
Background:
- Fifth-generation advanced (5G-A) and sixth-generation (6G) networks are crucial for smart cities, but handover decision (HOD) challenges persist, especially for high-speed users in millimeter-wave (mmWave) environments.
- Efficient HOD is vital for maintaining high throughput and full coverage amidst increasing mobile users and complex network conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and evaluate a novel mobility-aware HOD algorithm for 5G-A and 6G networks.
- To enhance user experience by ensuring high-quality connectivity and smooth transitions for mobile users, particularly those at high speeds.
Main Methods:
- Developed a mobility-aware HOD algorithm integrating Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) decision metrics.
- Algorithm collects real-time user experience data every 40 milliseconds during mobility.
- Simulations conducted using MATLAB 2023a with 5G/6G tools, adhering to 3GPP specifications for system settings, mobility models, and criteria.
Main Results:
- The proposed algorithms in Systems 2 and 4 significantly reduced handover ping-pong (HOPP) by 96.97% and 99.99% compared to Systems 1 and 3.
- Demonstrated substantial network performance enhancements: RSRP improved by 16.32% and 8.04%, SINR by 168.99% and 407.31%, and throughput by 55.11% and 16.04% respectively.
- These improvements were observed across various mobile speed scenarios.
Conclusions:
- The developed mobility-aware HOD algorithm effectively addresses critical handover challenges in 5G-A and 6G networks.
- The algorithm ensures high-quality connectivity and seamless transitions for users, significantly improving overall network performance and user experience.
- The findings highlight the algorithm's potential for robust deployment in future ultra-dense and smart city environments.
