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Accurate Measurement Methods of Frequency Eigenquantities in High-Speed Railway Seismic Wavefields and Applications
Yuhang An1, Jihui Ma1, Yunpeng Cai2
1Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Ministry of Transport, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2026
Summary
High-speed rail (HSR) vibrations analyzed using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) reveal stable bridge frequencies and measurable train characteristics. This framework enhances railway vibration analysis and source characterization.
Area of Science:
- Geophysics
- Civil Engineering
- Signal Processing
Background:
- High-speed railways (HSRs) generate distinct seismic wavefields suitable for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) analysis.
- DAS technology offers a novel approach to monitoring railway infrastructure and train dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an integrated measurement framework for analyzing HSR-induced seismic wavefields using DAS.
- To characterize two key frequencies: train frequency and bridge frequency, for enhanced railway monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Systematized theoretical expressions for HSR seismic wavefields based on spectral-line, cepstral, and Doppler analysis.
- Compared frequency-domain correlation and cepstral methods for train-frequency estimation.
- Derived a velocity-independent bridge-frequency estimator using Doppler-shifted components.
Main Results:
- Bridge frequency exhibited greater stability and lower measurement variance compared to train frequency.
- Derived train speeds and carriage lengths aligned with typical Chinese HSR operational parameters.
- Observed spatial periodicity in frequency measurements correlated with bridge pier spacing.
Conclusions:
- The developed framework enables accurate frequency measurement from DAS records for HSR.
- Facilitates preliminary estimation of train speed, carriage length, and wave velocity.
- Establishes a quantitative basis for DAS-based railway vibration analysis and source characterization.
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