Current Perspectives on JC Polyomavirus Transmission and Associated Diseases: Implications for Prevention in Risk...

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Neurology

Background:

• JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous human virus causing persistent, often asymptomatic, lifelong infections.
• Reactivation of JCPyV in immunocompromised individuals or those on natalizumab can lead to severe neurological diseases, primarily progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on JCPyV transmission routes and associated diseases.
• To discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potential therapeutic strategies for JCPyV-related conditions.
• To emphasize the need for further research into JCPyV transmission for effective prevention.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological, clinical, and pathogenetic data on JCPyV.
• Analysis of current therapeutic options and prevention strategies.
• Synthesis of information on JCPyV transmission and disease manifestations.

Main Results:

• JCPyV transmission routes remain largely unclear, with infection acquired in childhood or throughout life.
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is the most common JCPyV-associated disease, though others like granule cell neuronopathy can occur.
• No definitive treatment exists for JCPyV infection, making prevention critical for at-risk populations.

Conclusions:

• Understanding JCPyV transmission is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies, especially for immunosuppressed patients.
• Further research is needed to elucidate transmission dynamics and identify effective antiviral or prophylactic measures.
• Current management focuses on preventing transmission and managing JCPyV-associated diseases in susceptible individuals.