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Biomarkers and Risk Factors Associated with Apnea in Hospitalized Infants with Acute Respiratory Infection
Julia Dvorkin1,2, Maria Pico1, Josefina L Razzini3
1Centro Infant de Medicina Traslacional (CIMeT), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), General San Martín 1650, Argentina.
Viruses
|July 28, 2026
Summary
Apnea in infants with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is linked to biological immaturity and poor living conditions. Preterm birth, young age, and crowding are key risk factors for this life-threatening complication.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Apnea is a serious complication of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in infants.
- The factors influencing apnea in this vulnerable population are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify epidemiological, clinical, virological, and immunological determinants of apnea in infants hospitalized with SARI.
Main Methods:
- Population-based, cross-sectional, multicenter study in Buenos Aires, Argentina (2011-2013).
- Included 2376 infants younger than five months hospitalized with SARI.
- Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed.
Main Results:
- Independent predictors of apnea included preterm birth, cesarean section, prior NICU admission, age under two months, and severe household crowding.
- RSV infection showed an inverse association with apnea.
- Lower IL-5 levels in respiratory secretions were observed in infants with apnea.
Conclusions:
- Apnea during SARI in early infancy is significantly associated with biological immaturity and adverse environmental factors.
- Findings suggest a distinct immune response in infants experiencing apnea.
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