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Published on: January 7, 2019
MYC in Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Implications
Na Zhang1, Li Wei2, Cuiping Tang1
1Department of Pediatric Oncology Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China.
Abstract:
The MYC oncogene family constitutes a master regulatory hub in tumorigenesis, with functional complexity extending far beyond individual gene activities. Recent advances unveil cooperative yet context-dependent antagonism and dynamic interplay among MYC family members, fundamentally reshaping our understanding of lineage specific oncogenic programs. This review synthesizes emerging insights into MYC orchestrated tumor microenvironment remodeling, reciprocal regulation with noncoding RNAs, and the transcriptional and epigenetic governance of metabolic reprogramming. We delineate mechanisms by which MYC drives therapeutic resistance and critically evaluate current strategies targeting MYC or its downstream networks, encompassing direct MYC-MAX disruptors, upstream pathway inhibitors, synthetic lethality, and combinatorial regimens with immune checkpoint blockade or conventional chemotherapy. We further discuss MYC's prognostic significance across diverse cancer types, the critical gap between preclinical efficacy and clinical outcomes, and emerging combination strategies aimed at overcoming acquired drug resistance. By integrating these rapidly evolving biological dimensions, we posit MYC as a highly multidimensional regulatory node whose context-dependent functions present both formidable challenges and promising new opportunities for effective therapeutic intervention.
Insights
The MYC oncogene family plays a complex role in cancer development. Understanding its interactions and targeting MYC offers new therapeutic strategies for various cancers.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- The MYC oncogene family is a key regulator in tumorigenesis, exhibiting complex interactions.
- Recent research highlights the dynamic interplay among MYC family members, influencing lineage-specific oncogenic programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize emerging insights into MYC's role in tumor microenvironment remodeling, noncoding RNA regulation, and metabolic reprogramming.
- To critically evaluate current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting MYC and its downstream networks.
- To discuss MYC's prognostic significance and challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing recent advances in MYC oncogene research.
- Analysis of MYC's mechanisms in driving therapeutic resistance and tumor progression.
- Evaluation of diverse therapeutic strategies including direct inhibitors, pathway inhibitors, synthetic lethality, and combination therapies.
Main Results:
- MYC orchestrates tumor microenvironment remodeling and metabolic reprogramming.
- MYC contributes to therapeutic resistance across various cancer types.
- A significant gap exists between preclinical efficacy and clinical outcomes for MYC-targeted therapies.
Conclusions:
- MYC is a multidimensional regulatory node with context-dependent functions.
- Targeting MYC and its networks presents challenges but offers promising therapeutic opportunities.
- Emerging combination strategies are crucial for overcoming acquired drug resistance and improving clinical outcomes.
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