Impact of Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelet Incorporation on the Properties of 3D-Printed Resin-Based Dental...

This study aims to evaluate the impact of graphene nanoplatelets functionalized with different silanes on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of a resin, as well as to determine how these modifications influence the overall structural performance of the material when applied in dentistry. To prepare the composites, functionalized graphene nanoplatelets were incorporated into photosensitive acrylic resin at a concentration of 0.250% (w/w) by using the sonication method. Subsequently, the samples were fabricated through 3D printing. Characterization of the composites was performed through Raman spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, abrasion resistance analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and cytotoxicity testing. The incorporation of silane-functionalized nanoplatelets resulted in enhanced chemical modification of the resin surface, rendering the composite hydrophobic and reducing mass loss due to abrasion, particularly when 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl methacrylate (TMPSP)-functionalized nanoplatelets were used. However, greater material deformation and expansion were observed when incorporating pure or silanized graphene nanoplatelets. Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that the materials utilized in this study do not induce adverse health reactions over a specific period. With significant advancements in 3D printing technology and the growing market for nanotechnology and nanomaterials, various sectors, including dentistry and medicine, have undergone transformative changes, leading to improvements in treatment protocols and healthcare practices. The findings of this study are particularly important, as they pave the way for the development of high-performance dental composites with tailored properties for specific applications. The successful incorporation of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets into resin-based composites offers a promising strategy to enhance critical factors for the durability and longevity of dental restorations. Moreover, the use of 3D printing technology provides precision and customization, enabling the production of complex geometries with superior structural integrity. Thus, the integration of nanotechnology and additive manufacturing represents a significant step toward the development of innovative dental materials capable of meeting increasing expectations for biocompatibility, functionality, and long-term stability.