Sociodemographic and Health-Related Factors Associated With 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Japanese Adults: A...

Daily time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), sleep, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) form the 24-hour movement behavior composition, where more time in one behavior means less time in others. This study employed compositional data analysis to investigate the correlation between sociodemographic and health-related factors and these behaviors among Japanese working-age adults.

Using 2023 self-reported survey data from 2718 Japanese adults aged 20-59, we applied compositional multivariate analysis of variance and back-transformed log-ratio differences with 95% bootstrap CI to test variations across sociodemographic (sex, age, marital status, living arrangement, education, income, residential area, and occupational activity type) and health-related factors (body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and the presence of chronic conditions).

Participants spent 29.5%, 33.6%, 0.6%, and 36.3% of their day in SB, sleep, MVPA, and light physical activity. Significant differences were found by sex, age group, marital status, education level, annual household income, occupational activity type, and alcohol consumption. Sex-based differences emerged in MVPA participation, while the 30-39 years age group exhibited lower relative MVPA, and the 50-59 years age group showed higher relative SB. Unmarried status and higher education levels correlated with higher SB and lower light physical activity. Furthermore, higher income, manual labor, and daily drinking were linked to higher MVPA, while desk-based work was associated with more SB. Sleep duration remained relatively consistent across groups.

This study identified distinct 24-hour movement profiles across Japanese working-age subgroups. The findings underscore the necessity of considering specific occupational and social contexts to effectively promote healthier daily routines and mitigate health disparities.