Multidimensional Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Cognitive Function, Physical Function, and Body Composition in...

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuroscience
• Integrative Medicine

Background:

• Cognitive decline is a growing concern in aging populations, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often preceding dementia.
• Mind-body exercises, such as tai chi and baduanjin, integrate mental focus and physical activity, showing potential for enhancing cognitive and physical health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of a 12-week mind-body exercise intervention on cognitive function, physical function, and body composition in older adults diagnosed with MCI.

Main Methods:

• A randomized controlled trial involving community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) in Nanjing, China.
• Participants were allocated to either a mind-body exercise group (tai chi and baduanjin) or a control group receiving standard health education and light stretching.
• Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, memory, and executive function tests. Physical function was measured by the 30-s chair stand, 30-s arm curl, 2.44-m up and go, and single-leg stand tests. Body composition was evaluated through waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, and body mass index.

Main Results:

• The mind-body exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (Δ = 2.04, p < .01), memory (Δ = 0.72 points), and executive function (Δ = 0.37 points) compared to the control group.
• Significant enhancements in physical function were observed, including increased repetitions in the 30-s chair stand (Δ = 5.93) and arm curl tests (Δ = 5.17), and a reduction in up-and-go times (Δ = -0.73 s).
• While modest reductions in waist and hip circumference were noted, no statistically significant differences were found between groups for body mass index or overall body fat percentage.

Conclusions:

• A 12-week mind-body exercise program, incorporating tai chi and baduanjin, effectively enhances both cognitive and physical functions in older adults with MCI.
• These findings support the use of mind-body exercises as a beneficial nonpharmacological intervention for addressing age-related cognitive decline.
• Mind-body exercises present a practical, low-cost strategy for delaying MCI progression and promoting healthy aging, potentially reducing healthcare burdens.