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Composition of urinary tract calculi from some developing countries.

A Hodgkinson

    Urologia Internationalis
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Calcium oxalate is the most common component in kidney and bladder stones analyzed from four countries. These stones often form in the kidneys and may develop secondary layers in the bladder.

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Nephrology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Kidney and bladder stones (calculi) are a significant health concern globally.
    • Understanding the chemical composition of calculi is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Geographical variations in stone composition have been observed, necessitating regional studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the chemical composition of 142 kidney and bladder stones from Sudan, Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia.
    • To identify the most common constituents and their distribution within the stones (nucleus vs. outer layers).
    • To investigate the potential origin and development pathway of endemic bladder stones.

    Main Methods:

    • Collection of 142 calculi from patients in Sudan, Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia.

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  • Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of each stone sample.
  • Microscopic examination to differentiate between nuclear and outer layer compositions.

    • Main Results:

    • Calcium oxalate was the predominant component in both kidney and bladder stones.
    • Other common constituents, in order of frequency, included magnesium ammonium phosphate, ammonium acid urate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and cystine.
    • Calcium oxalate formed the nucleus of most stones, with secondary deposits of other compounds in the outer layers, particularly in bladder stones.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms calcium oxalate as the most frequent component of calculi in the studied regions.
    • Bladder stones appear to originate as kidney stones, primarily calcium oxalate, which then accumulate secondary layers in the bladder.
    • Findings highlight the importance of geographical factors and crystal aggregation in stone formation and development.