Ga-porphyrin MOF-based theranostic platform for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: integrated photodynamic...

Emerging resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates alternative antibacterial modalities that operate beyond traditional antibiotics. Here, we report a gallium-porphyrin metal-organic framework (Ga-MOF) that functions as an all-in-one theranostic platform by simultaneously delivering high-flux singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and controlled Ga³⁺ release. Under 395 nm irradiation, Ga-MOF exhibits unprecedented photocatalytic turnover (Vmax = 8.8 × 10⁻⁸ M s⁻¹) via Ga³⁺-induced electronic reconfiguration of the porphyrin macrocycle. On-demand Ga³⁺ discharge proceeds without compromising framework integrity, maintaining > 95% photocatalytic activity after 6 h of incubation. Multimodal readouts-integrating SYTO-9/PI live/dead imaging, BCA protein leakage assays, and SEM morphological mapping-quantitatively correlate membrane disruption with dual-mode action. Consequently, ultra-low-dose MRSA eradication (5 µg mL^-1, 15 min, 99% kill) is achieved, outperforming either modality alone by > 20-fold. This work establishes a single-material theranostic paradigm that conjoins mechanistic diagnostics with potent antibacterial therapy, providing a blueprint for next-generation precision antimicrobials.