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Published on: May 5, 2015
Effects of Integrated Sports Vision Training Batteries on Time- and Accuracy-Dependent Outcomes in Sport-Specific
Jesús Vera1,2, Beatriz Redondo3,4, Amador García-Ramos5,6
1CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Laboratory, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. veraj@ugr.es.
Objectives:
This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to quantify the effects of integrated sports vision training (SVT) batteries on time- and accuracy-dependent outcomes assessed during sport-specific tasks and to examine methodological quality and sources of heterogeneity across studies.
Methods:
Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 21, 2025. Eligible studies investigated multicomponent visual-cognitive or perceptual-motor training batteries in healthy athletes and reported sport-relevant performance outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted separately for time-dependent and accuracy-dependent measures using standardised mean differences (SMDs). Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist.
Results:
Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review, with 14 contributing to the meta-analysis. Integrated SVT batteries produced large and statistically significant improvements in response time (SMD = -2.67, 95% CI [-3.82, -1.52]) and response accuracy (SMD = -1.18, 95% CI [-1.85, -0.51]) compared with control conditions. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, particularly for time-dependent outcomes (I² = 92%). However, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the pooled effects, with consistent direction and statistical significance across models.
Conclusions:
Integrated SVT batteries improve time- and accuracy-dependent outcomes during sport-specific tasks, suggesting potential transfer to sport performance. These findings extend prior work on isolated visual or perceptual-cognitive training by demonstrating that multicomponent, ecologically valid interventions are more likely to promote far transfer to sport performance. Future research should focus on optimising training design, examining long-term retention and identifying moderators of training responsiveness to inform evidence-based practice further.
