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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Disease Progression: A Comprehensive Scoping Review across
Muhamad Firmanda1, Teguh Aryandono2, Irianiwati Widodo3
1Master of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Objective:
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of molecular subtypes with varying aggressiveness, growth rates, and therapeutic responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hold potential as biomarkers owing to their role in gene expression regulation in cancer, as well as their specificity and stability in clinical samples. The mapping of miRNAs associated with disease recurrence and progression in each breast cancer subtype remains limited. This scoping review aimed to map the scientific literature on miRNAs related to recurrence and disease progression in TNBC, luminal, and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes.
Methods:
Literature searches were conducted in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases using predefined keywords. Retrieved records were screened, and duplicates were removed. Selection based on title, abstract, and full text was performed according to the established inclusion criteria. Data extracted from eligible studies included cancer subtype, stage, type and timing of sample collection, treatment, miRNA identification technique, miRNA expression patterns, target genes and molecular pathways, clinical outcomes, and biomarker types. This scoping review was developed using the PRISMA-ScR checklist.
Result:
A total of 28 studies were included and reviewed. miRNAs associated with the TNBC subtype were the most investigated in both profiling and non-profiling studies. The patterns of miRNA expression varied among the TNBC, luminal, and HER2+ subtypes. Of the 74 miRNAs identified across all breast cancer subtypes, only two miRNAs (miR-30c-5p and miR-195-5p) were found in different subtypes. The miRNAs in each breast cancer subtype were demonstrated to be prognostic, predictive, or both.
Conclusion:
This scoping review provides an overview of the unique miRNA expression patterns associated with recurrence and disease progression in TNBC, luminal, and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes. The differences in miRNA expression between breast cancer subtypes emphasize the importance of investigating miRNA biomarkers specific to breast cancer subtypes.
