Conserved Transcriptomic Signatures of Sirt6 Activity: A Cross-Species RNA-seq Meta-analysis

The NAD ⁺ -dependent histone deacetylase Sirt6 regulates transcription of multiple classes of genes, including those involved in metabolism, immune response, oxidative stress response, and development. Defining the Sirt6-regulated transcriptome is relevant to understanding the various important physiological roles of Sirt6, such as extending lifespan, maintaining metabolic health, and tumor suppression. Numerous studies have identified Sirt6 target genes, using both targeted and genome-wide approaches; however, consensus is limited and there has yet to be a systematic analysis of gene expression changes induced by altering Sirt6 levels. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 19 mammalian RNA-seq datasets in which Sirt6 levels were perturbed (knockout, knockdown, or overexpression). Our analyses included Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes, and identification of individual differentially expressed genes. Our analysis identified consistent gene expression changes associated with lowering Sirt6 levels, including increased expression of immune response and ribosomal protein genes and reduced expression of lipid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation genes. Extracellular Matrix and E2F target genes also had consistently increased expression upon Sirt6 reduction, highlighting novel regulation by Sirt6. To determine the conservation of gene regulation by Sirt6, we performed additional RNA-Seq meta-analysis on tissues from Drosophila melanogaster with Sirt6 deletion and overexpression. The fly datasets produced similar results to the mammal results, except for lipid oxidation genes, which were found to increase in Sirt6-low conditions. These results provide consensus about conserved and novel pathways transcriptionally regulated by Sirt6.