Transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to pulmonary giant cell carcinoma following targeted therapy: a case report

Pathological subtype transformations may occur during the targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma. Among these, transformation to pulmonary giant cell carcinoma (PGCC) is rare, but clinically significant. This paper reports the case of a 71-year-old male patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring the KRAS G12C mutation who developed resistance to sotorasib-targeted therapy, and subsequent re-biopsy confirmed transformation to PGCC. Combined with a literature review, the possible mechanisms of this transformation and its clinical implications were analyzed, emphasizing the importance of re-biopsy after targeted therapy resistance to guide subsequent treatment and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.