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Clinical Studies Using Intranasal Therapies for Parkinson's Disease: A Review
Ramin Vahidi1, Mahsa Bukanian1, Maryam Kachooeian2
1Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|July 29, 2026
Summary
Intranasal drug delivery offers a promising route for Parkinson's disease treatment, showing rapid symptom relief, improved motor function, and cognitive benefits with minimal side effects.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
- Drug Delivery Systems
Background:
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder impacting motor control.
- Current treatments face challenges with bioavailability and side effects.
- Intranasal delivery offers direct nose-to-brain transport, bypassing systemic circulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the efficacy and safety of intranasal medications for Parkinson's disease.
- To evaluate various intranasal agents and their therapeutic potential in PD management.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of studies on intranasal drug delivery for Parkinson's disease.
- Analysis of clinical outcomes, including motor scores, cognitive function, and adverse events.
Main Results:
- Intranasal apomorphine demonstrated rapid "off" state relief.
- Recombinant erythropoietin and insulin showed cognitive benefits.
- Glutathione and Rivastigmine exhibited improved bioavailability and safety profiles.
- Neural stem cell transplantation indicated functional improvement.
- Desmopressin effectively managed nocturnal polyuria.
Conclusions:
- Intranasal delivery presents a viable, effective, and safe therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
- Benefits include faster onset, localized effects, improved bioavailability, and reduced side effects.
- Further research into novel intranasal interventions for PD is warranted.
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