Content-based retrieval of fundus images and diabetic retinopathy detection using variants of local texture features

Content-based retinal image analysis plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of ocular diseases. In this study, we proposed a novel approach for efficient content-based retinal image retrieval and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) detection using variants of local texture features derived from Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Local Ternary Pattern (LTP), and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). The methodology begins with meticulous image preprocessing to enhance feature extraction, followed by the extraction of LBP, LTP, and GLCM features, which capture intricate texture patterns and enrich the feature space for robust analysis. Subsequently, we trained machine learning models, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, and Random Forest, on the extracted features to effectively retrieve retinal images and detect DR. A comparative analysis between preprocessed and raw images highlights the impact of preprocessing techniques on performance. A key innovation of this study lies in the fusion of multiple texture-based features, creating a comprehensive representation that integrates high-level semantic information with fine-grained local patterns. This hybrid approach enhances the system's capability to handle diverse retinal image variations, leading to improved retrieval accuracy and robustness. Further, a metaheuristic approach for feature selection and optimization is employed, comparing Differential Evolution, Genetic Algorithm, and Particle Swarm Optimization to identify the most effective features for retrieval. Differential Evolution achieved the highest precision of 90.67 % for retrieving the top 10 relevant images. The proposed hybrid approach demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating classical image analysis methods with machine learning for DR detection and content-based image retrieval. This research contributes to precision medicine and healthcare innovation by advancing ML-driven retinal image analysis.