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Smart Meter-derived Air Conditioning Penetration Rate Modifies the Association Between Ambient Temperature and
Xiaping Zheng1, McKenna Peplinski2, Diego Ramos Aguilera2
1From the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Higher air conditioning (AC) penetration in non-coastal areas significantly reduces heat-related emergency department visits. AC availability is crucial for mitigating heat morbidity in warmer inland regions.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Public Health
- Climate Science
Background:
- Traditional air conditioning (AC) data lacks fine spatial detail.
- This study utilizes ZIP code-level AC penetration rates from smart meter data in Southern California (2015-2019).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how AC penetration modifies heat-morbidity relationships at a finer spatial scale.
- To assess the impact of AC on heat-related emergency department visits.
Main Methods:
- Estimated ZIP code-specific relative risk (RR) for heat-related emergency department visits against 4-day lagged temperatures.
- Employed meta-regression to quantify effect modification by AC penetration, using the ratio of RRs.
Main Results:
- AC penetration varied widely (23%–96%), with a median of 79%.
- In non-coastal regions, a 10% increase in AC penetration correlated with reduced risk: RR ratio of 0.79 for dry bulb and 0.80 for wet bulb temperatures.
- AC penetration did not significantly alter heat-morbidity associations in coastal areas.
Conclusions:
- Increased AC penetration is linked to lower heat-related health risks in non-coastal regions.
- Fine-resolution AC data is valuable for understanding localized heat vulnerability and public health interventions.
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