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Toward motorcycles' autonomous emergency steering: methodological framework for testing the feasibility of
Valentino Crociani1, Cosimo Lucci1, Valentina Graci2,3
1Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Traffic Injury Prevention
|July 29, 2026
Summary
This study developed a testing framework for motorcycle autonomous emergency steering (M-AES), establishing key parameters for vehicle stability and rider interaction. The research validated the M-AES system
Area of Science:
- Motorcycle safety engineering
- Autonomous vehicle control systems
- Human-machine interaction in transportation
Background:
- Motorcycle safety remains a critical concern, with autonomous emergency systems offering potential solutions.
- Existing research on autonomous emergency systems for motorcycles lacks standardized field-testing protocols.
- Understanding rider interaction with autonomous interventions is crucial for system acceptance and effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a methodological framework for field-testing the motorcycle autonomous emergency steering (M-AES) safety function.
- To identify critical intervention parameters for M-AES and develop objective metrics for vehicle stability and human-machine interaction.
- To validate a prototype M-AES demonstrator on a standard motorcycle.
Main Methods:
- Developed a prototype steering actuator for a standard motorcycle capable of delivering controlled torques.
- Implemented a data acquisition system to record kinematic parameters (roll, roll rate, steering angle, torque) at 100 Hz.
- Conducted trials on a closed track under 'Active M-AES' (autonomous) and 'passive M-AES' (rider override) conditions.
Main Results:
- The M-AES system successfully performed automated lane-change maneuvers with target roll angles (25-35 deg) and roll rates (50 deg/s).
- Vehicle stability was confirmed across tested speeds (40-60 km/h) in 'Active M-AES' trials.
- In 'passive M-AES' trials, riders could successfully override the system, demonstrating controllability and feasibility of rider-initiated interventions.
Conclusions:
- An experimental approach for field-testing M-AES was established, providing a foundation for future research.
- Critical intervention parameters and objective metrics for M-AES were defined, enhancing the understanding of motorcycle stability and rider interaction.
- This study presents the first testing protocol for evaluating M-AES and rider reciprocal actions using a prototype demonstrator.