Parent-Reported 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Executive Functions for Preschool Children: Evidence From Iraq

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Developmental Psychology
• Public Health

Background:

• Growing evidence links 24-hour movement behaviors to children's executive functions.
• Limited research exists on this topic in Arab countries, specifically Iraq.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between 24-hour movement behaviors and executive functions in Iraqi preschool children.
• To address the gap in evidence from the Arab region.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional study of 210 preschool children (4-6 years) in Samarra, Iraq.
• Parent-reported 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time, screen time, sleep) using an Arabic time log.
• Executive functions assessed with the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Revised task.
• Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations, multiple regression, and compositional data analysis.

Main Results:

• Executive function scores positively correlated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sleep duration.
• Executive function scores negatively correlated with sedentary behavior and recreational screen time.
• Compositional data analysis confirmed significant associations between physical activity/sleep and executive functions, but not screen time vs. sedentary behavior.

Conclusions:

• A balanced daily routine incorporating active movement, sufficient sleep, and reduced screen time is associated with enhanced executive function performance in early childhood.
• Findings highlight the importance of holistic movement behavior assessment for understanding child development.