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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Current State of Cardiorenal Disease in People with Type 1 Diabetes

Stuti Fernandes1, Barbara Hettinger1, Lynn Ang2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Health Administration, Portland, OR, USA.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|July 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face high risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent diabetes medications offer protection, but T1D patients were often excluded from trials evaluating these benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Emerging diabetes pharmacotherapies demonstrate benefits beyond glycemic control, including cardiovascular and renal protection, primarily studied in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • Historically, individuals with T1D have been underrepresented in clinical trials assessing the cardiorenal protective effects of these novel agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the substantial cardiovascular and renal risks in individuals with T1D.
  • To discuss the potential benefits of newer diabetes medications for T1D patients, considering their exclusion from pivotal trials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on T1D complications.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and observational studies concerning T1D, CVD, heart failure (HF), and CKD.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with T1D exhibit a high prevalence of CVD, heart failure (HF), and CKD.
  • Data suggest that pharmacologic agents proven effective in T2D may offer similar cardiorenal benefits in T1D.
  • Recent trials are beginning to include T1D populations, providing crucial insights into risk reduction.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical unmet need for cardiorenal risk management in T1D.
  • Further research and clinical trials are essential to establish the efficacy and safety of cardiorenal protective agents in the T1D population.
  • Integrating these agents into T1D management could significantly improve long-term outcomes and reduce disease burden.
Keywords:
Cardiorenal protectionGlucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonistsMineralocorticoid receptor antagonistSodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitorsType 1 diabetes

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