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Effectiveness of Extended Reality-Based Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training for Healthcare Students: A Protocol
John Raymund P Suazo1,2, Grasiela Piuvezam3,4,5, Isac Davidson S F Pimenta4,5
1Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Introduction:
Sudden cardiac arrest remains a major cause of global mortality, underscoring the importance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, have recently emerged as innovative approaches to enhance simulation-based CPR education for nursing and healthcare students.
Aim:
To present the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis intended to evaluate the effects of XR-based interventions on CPR training outcomes among healthcare students.
Design And Reporting Method:
The protocol was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) recommendations.
Data Sources:
Electronic database searches will be performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus.
Methods And Analysis:
Relevant studies will be searched through systematic database and reference screening. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies investigating XR-supported CPR training will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently conduct study screening and data extraction, with disagreements resolved through consultation with a third reviewer. Methodological quality will be evaluated using the Cochrane ROB 2 tool and the ROBINS-I assessment tool where appropriate. Findings will first be summarised narratively, while meta-analysis will be undertaken if sufficient methodological homogeneity among studies is observed.
Implications And Impact:
Current evidence on XR-based CPR training has primarily focused on laypersons or practicing professionals, leaving evidence specific to nursing and other healthcare students limited. This review will try to systematically summarise and appraise available studies in this population, with particular attention to reported outcomes related to CPR competencies. The results may help identify evidence gaps and guide future research directions. If XR demonstrates potential advantages, this review may support educators in considering the role of XR technologies in CPR training programs.
Patient Or Public Contribution:
No public or patient contribution.
Protocol Registration:
This protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024528709).
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