Core stabilization training improves balance in adolescent male basketball players: a randomized controlled trial

Balance, postural control, and core function are critical for basketball performance and may be affected during adolescence due to rapid growth-related neuromuscular changes. This study examined the effects of a six-week core stabilization training program on postural alignment, balance, and core stability in 12-14-year-old male basketball players.

Twenty-four male basketball players were randomly assigned to a core stabilization plus traditional strength training group (CST+TST; n = 12) or a traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12). Postural alignment was assessed using the APECS-AI system, static balance with the Balance Error Scoring System, dynamic balance with the Y Balance Test, and core stability with the plank test. Outcomes were measured before and after the intervention. Group × Time effects were analyzed using 2 × 2 mixed-design ANOVA.

Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Significant Group × Time interactions were found for static balance (F(1,22) = 26.83, p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.549) and Y Balance Test-Left performance (F(1,22) = 6.10, p = 0.022, ηp² = 0.217), favoring the CST+TST group. No significant Group × Time interactions were observed for Y Balance Test-Right, plank test, or total postural alignment score (p > 0.05).

Six weeks of core stabilization training combined with traditional strength training improved static balance and selected dynamic balance outcomes in adolescent male basketball players. However, it did not provide superior effects on core stability or overall postural alignment. Given that resistance training is already a standard component of preparation for competitive youth basketball players this age, core stabilization exercises may therefore be considered a complementary addition to, rather than a substitute for, an existing traditional strength training program, to enhance balance performance in young basketball players.