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Diminished Hepatitis B Antibody Response in Pediatrics With Type 1 Diabetes; the Need for Revaccination Protocol: A
Erfanehsadat Shahim1, Rosemina Bahrololoom2, Maryam Ataollahi3
1Department of Pediatrics Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran.
Health Science Reports
|July 30, 2026
Summary
Children with type 1 diabetes have significantly lower protective antibody levels after Hepatitis B vaccination compared to healthy children. Vaccination timing and diabetes status impact immune response, necessitating careful consideration for these pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses chronic risks, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Anti-Hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) indicate protective immunity post-vaccination.
- Assessing seroprotection in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is crucial due to long-term health risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare Hepatitis B vaccine-induced seroprotection in children with T1DM versus nondiabetic children.
- To identify factors influencing inadequate antibody titers in pediatric HBV vaccination.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 127 children with T1DM and 124 healthy controls, all fully vaccinated against HBV.
- Exclusion criteria included immunosuppression, incomplete vaccination, or hepatitis history.
- Logistic regression analyzed odds of inadequate antibody titers, controlling for vaccination timing and diabetes status.
Main Results:
- Children with T1DM had a significantly higher non-protection rate (54.3%) compared to nondiabetics (28.2%).
- Inadequate antibody titers were associated with vaccination timing and T1DM status (OR=2.34).
- Sex, glycemic control, and disease duration over one year did not significantly affect antibody titers.
Conclusions:
- Children with T1DM exhibit diminished anti-HBs antibody levels post-HBV vaccination compared to nondiabetic peers.
- Immune response to HBV vaccination is influenced by diabetes status and vaccination timing.
- These factors are critical for evaluating seroprotection in pediatric populations with T1DM.
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