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Diminished Hepatitis B Antibody Response in Pediatrics With Type 1 Diabetes; the Need for Revaccination Protocol: A

Erfanehsadat Shahim1, Rosemina Bahrololoom2, Maryam Ataollahi3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics Nemazee Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran.

Health Science Reports
|July 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes have significantly lower protective antibody levels after Hepatitis B vaccination compared to healthy children. Vaccination timing and diabetes status impact immune response, necessitating careful consideration for these pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses chronic risks, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Anti-Hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) indicate protective immunity post-vaccination.
  • Assessing seroprotection in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is crucial due to long-term health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Hepatitis B vaccine-induced seroprotection in children with T1DM versus nondiabetic children.
  • To identify factors influencing inadequate antibody titers in pediatric HBV vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 127 children with T1DM and 124 healthy controls, all fully vaccinated against HBV.
  • Exclusion criteria included immunosuppression, incomplete vaccination, or hepatitis history.
  • Logistic regression analyzed odds of inadequate antibody titers, controlling for vaccination timing and diabetes status.

Main Results:

  • Children with T1DM had a significantly higher non-protection rate (54.3%) compared to nondiabetics (28.2%).
  • Inadequate antibody titers were associated with vaccination timing and T1DM status (OR=2.34).
  • Sex, glycemic control, and disease duration over one year did not significantly affect antibody titers.

Conclusions:

  • Children with T1DM exhibit diminished anti-HBs antibody levels post-HBV vaccination compared to nondiabetic peers.
  • Immune response to HBV vaccination is influenced by diabetes status and vaccination timing.
  • These factors are critical for evaluating seroprotection in pediatric populations with T1DM.
Abstract

Keywords:
Hepatitis Bdiabetes mellitus type 1immunitypediatrics

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