Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026

06:58
Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
Published on: September 29, 2020
Reversible Zn//H2 batteries enabled by Mn-Ov-Co dual-site relay
Miao Gao1, Mingjie Jia1, Zhenyu Wang1
1Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China. sunhb@mail.neu.edu.cn.
Summary
Researchers developed a novel zinc-hydrogen battery using a unique catalyst. This breakthrough offers a safe and efficient solution for on-demand hydrogen storage and electricity generation.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science
- Catalysis
Background:
- Hydrogen storage presents significant challenges for energy applications.
- Existing catalysts often face limitations due to scaling relations between key reaction steps.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a new zinc-hydrogen (Zn//H2) battery system.
- To overcome hydrogen storage bottlenecks using an advanced catalyst.
Main Methods:
- Development of an asymmetric manganese-oxygen-cobalt (Mn-Ov-Co) catalyst.
- Utilizing a dual-site relay mechanism to decouple water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption.
Main Results:
- The catalyst breaks traditional scaling relations for hydrogen evolution.
- Achieved a high exchange current density of 0.45 mA cm-2, surpassing platinum/carbon (Pt/C).
- Demonstrated catalyst stability for over 50 hours.
Conclusions:
- The developed Zn//H2 battery with the asymmetric Mn-Ov-Co catalyst enables safe, on-demand hydrogen-electricity storage.
- This approach offers a promising alternative to conventional hydrogen storage methods.
Related Concept Videos
Types of Reversible Electrodes
For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Batteries and Fuel Cells
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Overcurrent Relays
Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
Reclosers and Fuses
Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
Directional Relays
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
Line Protection with Impedance Relays
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...

