Chemical-Biological Fixation for Enhanced Bone Augmentation in Guided Bone Regeneration

Stable fixation of barrier membranes is essential for achieving effective bone augmentation during guided bone regeneration (GBR). Conventional fixation techniques, such as membrane nails and sutures, provide suboptimal results and may lead to the displacement of bone substitute materials, eventually compromising regenerative outcomes. To address this, a thermosensitive injectable adhesive, M2N2ACa, was developed to solidify upon exposure to a 36°C wet environment. This material was found to facilitate robust adhesion between barrier membranes and moist bone surfaces at 36°C, achieving an adhesive strength of 227.86 kPa. In addition to its mechanical bonding capabilities, M2N2ACa can release calcium ions to enhance clot density and mechanical strength, thereby reinforcing the surrounding blood clot and stabilizing the bone substitutes. This dual mechanism of mechanical fixation through membrane bonding and biological reinforcement via clot modulation substantially improves graft retention and promotes bone augmentation. These findings highlight the value of M2N2ACa as a promising barrier membrane adhesive with the potential to simplify clinical procedures and improve GBR outcomes.