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Maternal weight and hypertension as risk factors for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective population-based

Vilde Øverlien Dåstøl1,2,3, Ida Henriette Caspersen4,5, Kristine Løkås Haftorn4

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway vilde.dastol@gmail.com.

RMD Open
|July 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Higher gestational weight gain and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are linked to increased juvenile idiopathic arthritis risk. Genetic factors may influence this association, highlighting the importance of maternal health during pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • The intrauterine environment plays a crucial role in fetal development and can influence the risk of immune-mediated diseases later in life.
  • Understanding the impact of maternal health factors on childhood disease development is essential for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) with the risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in children.
  • To explore whether genetic susceptibility modifies these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry to identify children with JIA.
  • Employed logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (aORs) for associations between maternal exposures and JIA.
  • Conducted causal mediation analyses and tested gene-environment interactions using a JIA Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) in a genotyped subsample.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between maternal prepregnancy BMI and JIA risk.
  • Increased GWG was modestly associated with higher JIA odds (aOR 1.12), particularly in mothers with prepregnancy obesity (aOR 1.40).
  • Maternal hypertension (aOR 1.43) and pre-eclampsia (aOR 1.61) were independently associated with increased JIA risk. Genetic susceptibility modified the association between maternal obesity and JIA risk.

Conclusions:

  • Higher GWG and HDPs are independent risk factors for increased JIA risk in children.
  • Genetic factors may modulate the relationship between maternal BMI and JIA, underscoring the significance of pregnancy health in JIA etiology.
Abstract

Keywords:
EpidemiologyHypertensionInflammationJuvenile Idiopathic ArthritisPublic Health

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