Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026
Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
Automated oxygen control versus manual titration in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammad Amouri1, Salahaldeen Deeb2, Nouraldeen Deeb3
1Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine. mohammadamouri95@gmail.com.
Objective:
To evaluate whether closed-loop automated fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) control improves oxygen targeting and clinical outcomes compared with clinician-directed manual titration in preterm infants.
Study Design:
Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of randomized trials searched through Feb 6, 2026. Crossover and parallel-group trials informed physiological outcomes; only longitudinal parallel-group trials informed clinical outcomes.
Results:
Twenty-three trials (1777 infants) were included. Automated control increased time within target range (mean difference 15.01 percentage points, 95% CI 10.90 to 19.13) and reduced time above target, below target, SpO2 < 80%, SpO2 > 98%, and manual FiO2 adjustments. Clinical outcomes remained uncertain: bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk ratio 0.80, death 1.03, necrotizing enterocolitis 0.81, and treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity 0.90.
Conclusion:
Automated FiO2 control consistently improves oxygen targeting, but current randomized evidence does not show clear benefit for major neonatal outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
01:19Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
01:16Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
01:30Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
01:26Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...