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Published on: June 29, 2019
Functional dyspepsia redefined: evidence supporting inflammatory dyspepsia - a systematic review
Lauren Phang1, Alice Kim2, Chunlong Mu3
1University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench
|July 31, 2026
Summary
Dietary factors significantly impact functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms. Specific foods like high-FODMAPs and gluten can worsen FD, while probiotics and ginger may improve it.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Nutrition Science
- Immunology
Background:
- Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder.
- FD symptoms include postprandial fullness, early satiety, and epigastric pain/burning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on dietary factors influencing functional dyspepsia (FD) pathogenesis.
- To explore the link between food antigens, inflammation, and FD symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across five major databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane).
- Included studies published between January 2000 and December 2024, focusing on adults diagnosed with FD via Rome criteria.
- Narrative synthesis of data and risk of bias assessment using ROBIS, RoB 2.0, and ROBINS-I tools.
Main Results:
- Fourteen studies examined dietary impacts, including FODMAPs/wheat, prebiotics/probiotics, capsaicin, essential oils, herbal therapies, medications, and ginger.
- High-FODMAP foods, gluten, and capsaicin correlated with symptom exacerbation, potentially due to impaired epithelial barrier function, immune activation, or microbiota changes.
- Interventions like probiotics, peppermint-caraway oil, herbal formulations, and ginger demonstrated symptom mitigation through anti-inflammatory or microbiota-modulating effects.
Conclusions:
- Specific dietary components can induce inflammation and symptoms in FD patients.
- The study proposes 'inflammatory dyspepsia' for patients with detected gastrointestinal inflammation.
- Further large-scale randomized trials are necessary to confirm findings and establish precise dietary guidelines.
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