Perceived Impacts and Concerns in the Daily Life of People with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Qualitative Study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly impacts individuals' daily lives, affecting physical health, psychological well-being, social interactions, and autonomy. Understanding the concerns and impacts of CKD is essential to creating patient-centred care strategies. This study aimed to explore the perceived impacts and concerns of individuals living with CKD.

A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with individuals with CKD and healthcare professionals in Portugal. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis to identify key perceived concerns and impacts of CKD on daily life.

The findings are structured around two main analytical themes - perceived impacts and perceived concerns. Within each theme, analytical categories were identified to capture the range of participants' accounts. The study revealed that CKD has a significant impact on multiple aspects of daily life. Eighteen categories of perceived impacts were identified, encompassing challenges in maintaining social relationships, family dynamics and professional responsibilities, as well as impacts on autonomy, quality of life, and economic stability. Psychological and emotional distress were also frequently reported. Physical health impacts included fatigue, dietary restrictions, sleep disturbances and limitations in physical activity. Regarding perceived concerns, nine categories comprising a total of sixty-six items were identified. Participants reported concerns related to personal, social and family life, lifestyle changes, and the preservation of autonomy. Concerns related to the disease itself and to complications arising from it were also highlighted. The remaining categories focused on concerns regarding treatment, including haemodialysis/dialysis, kidney transplantation and pharmacological treatment.

This study highlights the complex and multidimensional impact of CKD on daily life. By providing insight into patient-defined concerns and perceived impacts, the findings support the discussion of more holistic and person-centred approaches to CKD care. Addressing personal needs alongside clinical management may contribute to improvements in quality of life and long-term outcomes for individuals with CKD.