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Foot Mycoses Among Tanzanian Footballers: A Clinico-Epidemiological Study
Andrew Mhando1,2, Roderick Hay3, Erick Kitira4
1Department of Dermatology, KCMC University, Moshi, Tanzania.
Mycoses
|July 31, 2026
Summary
Superficial foot mycoses (SFM) affect over a third of Tanzanian footballers, with onychomycosis and tinea pedis being common. Poor hygiene and trauma significantly increase the risk of these fungal infections.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Sports Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Superficial foot mycoses (SFM), encompassing onychomycosis and tinea pedis, are prevalent among athletes, especially professional footballers.
- Factors contributing to SFM in footballers include repetitive foot trauma, occlusive footwear, shared facilities, and hygiene practices.
- These fungal infections can lead to discomfort, nail deformities, and reduced athletic performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and clinical spectrum of SFM in professional footballers.
- To identify factors associated with SFM among players in the Tanzanian Premier League.
- To inform targeted prevention and management strategies for SFM in this population.
Main Methods:
- A community-based cross-sectional study involving 314 professional footballers from 13 Tanzanian Premier League clubs.
- Clinical examinations and KOH microscopy were utilized for diagnosis.
- Data on socio-demographics and clinical factors were collected via questionnaires and checklists, with modified Poisson regression applied for analysis.
Main Results:
- The overall prevalence of SFM was 36.9%, with onychomycosis at 17.2% and tinea pedis at 12.4%.
- Predominant clinical forms included distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis and interdigital tinea pedis.
- Significant risk factors identified were toenail trauma, sharing socks, communal shower use, and a family history of SFM.
Conclusions:
- SFM is highly prevalent in Tanzanian Premier League footballers.
- Modifiable hygiene practices and environmental exposures are key risk factors for SFM.
- There is a critical need for targeted health education, improved sanitation, and routine screening programs for footballers.
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