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Foot Mycoses Among Tanzanian Footballers: A Clinico-Epidemiological Study

Andrew Mhando1,2, Roderick Hay3, Erick Kitira4

  • 1Department of Dermatology, KCMC University, Moshi, Tanzania.

Mycoses
|July 31, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Superficial foot mycoses (SFM) affect over a third of professional footballers in Tanzania. Poor hygiene and environmental factors significantly increase the risk of these common fungal infections.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Superficial foot mycoses (SFM), including onychomycosis and tinea pedis, are prevalent in athletes.
  • Professional footballers are particularly susceptible due to trauma, footwear, and hygiene.
  • These infections can cause discomfort, nail deformities, and impact athletic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SFM among professional footballers in the Tanzanian Premier League.
  • To identify the clinical spectrum and associated factors of SFM in this population.
  • To inform targeted prevention and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A community-based cross-sectional study involving 314 professional footballers from 13 Tanzanian Premier League clubs.
  • Clinical examinations and KOH microscopy were utilized for diagnosis.
  • Structured questionnaires and modified Poisson regression were employed to collect data and identify associated factors.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of SFM was 36.9%, with onychomycosis at 17.2% and tinea pedis at 12.4%.
  • Common clinical presentations included distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis and interdigital tinea pedis.
  • Factors significantly associated with SFM included toenail trauma, sharing socks, communal shower use, and a family history of SFM.

Conclusions:

  • SFM is highly prevalent in Tanzanian Premier League footballers.
  • Modifiable hygiene practices and environmental exposures are key risk factors.
  • Targeted health education, improved sanitation, and routine screening are recommended.
Keywords:
Tanzania premier leagueonychomycosissuperficial foot mycosestinea pedis

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