Sex-specific Risks in Lung Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Focus on Female Patients

Sex and lung cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) matter. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent and serious complication in lung cancer, and accumulating evidence suggests that sex-related factors may influence thrombotic risk. In this review, we highlight the epidemiological, clinical, and biological specificities of women in relation to thrombotic risk in lung cancer. We explore sex-specific determinants of CAT, including host-, tumor- and treatment-related factors. Special attention is given to oncogene-addicted adenocarcinoma, particularly enriched in women and their implications for VTE risk and anticoagulation management. We also discuss the therapeutic challenges specific to female patients, including bleeding risks, drug-drug interactions with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the need for sex-informed VTE risk stratification.