Surgical stage of dental implant placement with immediate loading: Indications and contraindications

Aim: To analyze the scientific literature on indications for and contraindications to dental implant placement using immediate loading protocols.

Materials and Methods: The scientific literature reporting clinical situations corresponding to absolute and relative indications for and contraindications to dental implant placement with immediate loading was reviewed.

Conclusions: The literature reports that one-stage implant placement with immediate loading and simultaneous placement of a transmucosal healing abutment or abutment has demonstrated effectiveness in clinical practice. However, despite its advantages, this approach has certain limitations. While absolute indications are largely determined by the potential to preserve the volume of hard and soft tissues, relative indications necessitate modifications to the existing protocol, including measures for infection control, gap management, potential biotype thickening, and modulation of the immune response. In analyzing relative contraindications, particular attention should be paid to the patient's medical history, metabolic status, the presence or absence of inflammatory processes, and the potential for their correction in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team to prevent iatrogenic injury. The implementation of modern diagnostic algorithms and biotechnologies may reduce the range of absolute contraindications; however, this approach requires careful analysis. In experimental and clinical studies aimed at improving diagnostic algorithms and strategies for modulation of homeostasis, a personalized approach can reduce the number of relative contraindications to immediate implant placement.