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Any Unitary Gate Can Be Certified Device-Independently in a Quantum Network
1University of Gdansk, Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
Physical Review Letters
|July 31, 2026
Summary
We demonstrate that any quantum unitary operation can be verified without trusting the device. This advances device-independent (DI) certification for quantum computations and networks.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Cryptography
Background:
- Device-independent (DI) certification verifies quantum systems using only observed statistics, eliminating assumptions about internal structure.
- While quantum states and measurements are well-established for DI self-testing, quantum operations remain largely unaddressed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate the self-testing of any quantum unitary operation within the device-independent paradigm.
- To advance the field of quantum certification by enabling verification of quantum operations.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing the framework of quantum networks with multiple independent sources.
- Developing a proof-of-principle method for self-testing quantum unitaries.
Main Results:
- Successfully showed that any quantum unitary can be self-tested under the DI framework.
- Established a method for certifying quantum interactions directly from observed data, bypassing detailed modeling.
Conclusions:
- This work represents a fundamental step towards certifying quantum interactions without relying on specific device models.
- The findings are crucial for building secure and reliable quantum processors by enabling verification of quantum gates.
