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Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication
Published on: June 6, 2012
2D heterostructures at the biointerface: From biosensing to theranostics and tissue engineering
Zaimaa Salsabil1, Muhammad Ifaz Shahriar Chowdhury1, Md Zillur Rahman1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh.
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|July 31, 2026
Summary
Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures offer versatile biointerfaces for biosensing and bioelectronics. MXene-based systems show promise, but challenges in fabrication and standardization hinder biomedical translation.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures enable coordinated electronic, chemical, optical, and mechanical functions at biointerfaces.
- These engineered junctions surpass the capabilities of individual constituent materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review inorganic and hybrid 2D heterostructures for biomedical applications.
- To connect design principles (architecture, interface) with biofunctions across various applications.
Main Methods:
- A design-centric framework analyzing vertical, lateral, and mixed-dimensional configurations.
- Examination of factors like band alignment, charge transfer, defects, and surface functionalization.
- Comparative analysis of MXene, TMD, MOF, LDH, graphene, and carbon nitride-based systems.
Main Results:
- MXene-based 2D-2D heterostructures are highly versatile for sensing, therapeutics, and bioelectronics.
- Other systems (TMD, MOF, LDH, graphene, carbon nitride) offer complementary advantages.
- Interface engineering enhances signal amplification, bioactivity, photothermal conversion, and cargo loading.
Conclusions:
- Overcoming challenges in fabrication, standardization, stability, and toxicity is crucial for translation.
- Future progress requires scalable, low-contamination methods, mechanism-based evaluation, and standardized reporting.
- Safety-by-design, stability-by-design, validation, and regulatory assessment are essential for reliable biomedical implementation.
