Forensic taphonomy in fluvial water: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Taphonomy
• Environmental Forensics

Background:

• Human remains are frequently found in fluvial (flowing water) environments.
• Fluvial taphonomy is underrepresented in forensic literature, with the last review over a decade old.
• River currents pose unique challenges for forensic investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and summarize current forensic knowledge on fluvial taphonomy.
• To identify challenges and provide recommendations for future research in this area.
• To offer an updated resource for forensic practitioners investigating remains in rivers.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of 92 reports meeting inclusion criteria.
• Analysis of decomposition, transport, search, PMSI estimation, and taphonomic alterations.
• Assessment of risk of bias in included studies.

Main Results:

• Two major challenges identified: predicting fluvial transport and estimating PMSI.
• Fluvial transport predictions complicate body detection and recovery.
• Variable environmental conditions hinder accurate PMSI estimation.
• Most reviewed studies showed a moderate risk of bias.

Conclusions:

• Standardized research protocols and detailed case data are needed for better comparison and synthesis.
• Future research should focus on improving transport prediction and PMSI estimation.
• This review provides a foundation for more robust forensic casework involving fluvial remains.