Best practice implementation in gerontology and geriatrics delphi studies: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Gerontology and Geriatric Research
• Health Sciences Methodology

Background:

• Delphi panels are increasingly used in aging research.
• Existing Delphi studies show variability in methodological rigor.
• A need exists for standardized guidance and quality assessment tools.

Purpose of the Study:

• To aggregate key practice recommendations for Delphi studies in aging research.
• To document the current use of these practices.
• To develop a quality rating form (DQ4A) for aging researchers.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a scoping review of Delphi studies in aging research using PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
• Searched relevant databases in May 2025, screening 102 articles.
• Synthesized data on study characteristics and Delphi methodological practices to inform DQ4A creation.

Main Results:

• Adherence to methodological recommendations varied significantly.
• Common practices included panelist selection criteria (95%) and final product provision (93%).
• Less common practices were targeting panelist numbers (11%), double blinding (14%), and panelist review (18%).
• Using DQ4A, 43% of studies had lower-than-average quality, 33% higher, and 24% average.

Conclusions:

• Significant methodological gaps exist in Delphi studies within gerontology and geriatrics.
• The DQ4A can enhance the conduct and reporting of Delphi studies.
• This tool ensures resultant products meet diverse stakeholder needs.