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Analyzing the Spectrum of mTBI Subgroups
Joshua A Beitchman1, Nyaz Didehbani2,3, Shane M Miller4,5,6
1Pediatric Neurology Residency Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Neurotrauma Reports
|August 1, 2026
Summary
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients show varied recovery paths. Current symptom-based subtypes lack objective data and show overlap, hindering effective treatment for mTBI recovery.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurology
- Traumatology
Background:
- Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presents diverse clinical outcomes.
- Existing mTBI subtypes are primarily symptom-based and lack objective validation.
- Variability in defining characteristics and limited objective data restrict clinical applicability of current mTBI subtypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing literature on mTBI subtypes.
- To analyze the characteristics and limitations of current symptom-based mTBI classifications.
- To propose a more objective and integrated approach for mTBI subtyping.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of mTBI studies.
- Analysis of reported mTBI subtypes based on symptoms and recovery timepoints.
- Evaluation of terminology consistency and overlap in symptom-based subtyping.
Main Results:
- Five predominant symptom-based mTBI subtypes identified: cognitive, somatosensory, vestibular-ocular, headache, and neuropsychiatric.
- Subtypes are predominantly reported in the acute and subacute recovery phases post-injury.
- Significant overlap and ambiguity exist among current symptom-based mTBI subtypes, compounded by inconsistent terminology.
Conclusions:
- Current symptom-based mTBI subtyping lacks clinical utility due to heterogeneity and lack of objective measures.
- Future mTBI subtyping should integrate objective assessments, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and genetic analysis.
- Advancing mTBI subtyping can lead to personalized symptom management and improved patient care.
