Future mobile information networks: Fundamental theories, network architectures, key technologies, and key devices

Against the backdrop of the commercialization of 5G-Advanced (5G-A) and the conceptualization of 6G, the Mobile Information Network (MINet)-a futuristic network paradigm centered on extreme connectivity and multi-dimensional integration-has emerged to transcend the limitations of traditional mobile networks, which focus solely on isolated communication services. MINet is designed to support the full lifecycle of information services, integrating communication with advanced computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and big data to achieve ubiquitous extreme connectivity and deliver integrated information services encompassing different elements. At its core, MINet's competitive edge lies in the "One Extreme and Three Integrations" framework: this framework takes "ubiquitous extreme connectivity" as the foundational performance pillar and relies on three functional directions: "communication-sensing-computing-intelligence convergence," "space-terrestrial integration," and "digital-physical integration". To operationalize this framework, DOICT (Data, Operation, Intelligence, Computing, and Telecommunication) convergence serves as a critical enabler: it underpins the design of MINet's scalable core networks and edge intelligence systems, while supporting key technological innovations. This paper reviews the foundational theories, network architectures, key technologies, and devices driving the development of MINet, and also highlights critical challenges in MINet's development, including design considerations, application requirements, sustainable and low-carbon. Ultimately, as MINet evolves from 5G-A to 6G, the synergy of its core paradigm (MINet), technical framework ("One Extreme and Three Integrations"), and enabling mechanism (DOICT convergence) will bridge the physical and digital worlds, fostering transformative applications in immersive experiences, industrial automation, and smart society.