Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
Published on: May 16, 2019
Effective Treatment of Anti-GAD65 Limbic Encephalitis-Associated Epilepsy Despite Delayed Immunotherapy: A Brief
Ghadah Bughaith1, Ghadeer Mahdi1, Mohammad Ashkanani2
1Intern Doctors, Mubarak Hospital, Ministry of Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait, kuniv.edu.
Abstract:
A 44-year-old woman was referred to our epilepsy center for evaluation of refractory seizures persisting for 36 years. Diagnostic workup revealed anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 limbic encephalitis (anti-GAD65 LE), supported by markedly elevated serum anti-GAD65 antibody titers and a compatible clinical presentation. Following initiation of a 6-month course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), seizure frequency decreased substantially, from 12 to 16 focal seizures per day to approximately one brief focal seizure per month. This was accompanied by improvements in cognition, psychiatric symptoms, and overall clinical function. This case highlights the potential for meaningful therapeutic response to immunotherapy despite prolonged diagnostic delay.
Related Concept Videos
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Encephalitis l: Introduction
