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Public health and integrated governance across the sustainable development goals beyond 2030: a six-function
Nurah Alamro1,2
1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) define sustainable development as integrated and indivisible, yet implementation remains organized largely through sectoral mandates, budgets, indicators, and accountability systems. This fragmentation is especially consequential for public health because progress on SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) depends on policy choices across social, economic, environmental, and fiscal domains. The institutional capacities required to act on these interdependencies remain insufficiently specified. This review synthesizes evidence from SDG-interlinkage research, policy coherence for sustainable development, public health governance, health-system strengthening, implementation science, and governance theory. It compares three pathways for the period beyond 2030: enhanced interlinkage reporting; stronger policy-coherence and multisectoral mechanisms; and integrated governance supported by explicit institutional functions. Integrated governance for sustainable development denotes arrangements that bring cross-sector effects into decision-making, financing, measurement, accountability, and learning. The proposed framework comprises six functions: coherence, arbitration, shared-outcome financing, interlinkage-aware measurement, equity-sensitive accountability, and adaptive learning. The analysis focuses on public health because health outcomes and inequities reflect the cumulative effects of decisions across sectors; the framework may also inform other policy domains characterized by similar interdependence. The review specifies the institutional capacities needed to govern interdependencies already recognized within the SDG framework.
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