General practitioners' awareness, use, and perceptions of social prescribing in Austria

Social prescribing (SP) is increasingly recognized as an approach to address patients' nonmedical needs in primary care, yet evidence on general practitioners' (GPs') perspectives in Austria is limited. This study explored GPs' familiarity with SP, its current use, and perceptions of implementation and impact.

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from June to October 2024 among 3,849 Austrian GPs. The questionnaire assessed familiarity with and use of SP, perceptions on implementation, and perceived impact on patient care. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

A total of 160 GPs responded (4.2%). Although 71.3% were initially unfamiliar with the term SP, more than half reported using some form of it, mainly through informal referrals such as signposting. No associations were found between SP use and GP characteristics. While only 37.5% felt able to adequately address patients' social needs, 96.3% expressed willingness to adopt SP in their practice. Key barriers included insufficient reimbursement and funding as well as limited referral structures and workforce capacity. Overall, SP was viewed as a valuable approach, particularly for addressing loneliness and mental health issues.

Despite limited familiarity with the formal concept, elements of SP are already embedded in routine practice among Austrian GPs. There is strong interest in adopting more structured SP pathways, particularly with support from link workers, but implementation is hindered by gaps in awareness, referral options, and infrastructure. Strengthening training, service availability, and system-level support will be essential for effective and sustainable integration of SP into primary care.