Uterine Transplantation as an Innovative Method for Restoring Reproductive Function in Absolute Uterine Factor...

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Transplantation Surgery
• Medical Ethics

Background:

• Absolute uterine factor infertility prevents pregnancy due to the absence of a functional uterus.
• Uterus transplantation is an experimental treatment to restore reproductive function.
• This review examines the clinical progress, techniques, outcomes, and ethics of uterus transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current clinical experience with uterus transplantation.
• To focus on surgical approaches, donor sources, reproductive results, and ethical issues.
• To assess the viability of uterus transplantation for absolute uterine factor infertility.

Main Methods:

• A narrative literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
• Publications from 2000-2025 were screened using keywords: "uterus transplantation," "absolute uterine factor infertility," and "MRKH syndrome."
• 42 relevant publications detailing clinical outcomes, surgical techniques, and ethical aspects were included.

Main Results:

• Over 90 uterus transplants have been performed globally, resulting in more than 50 live births.
• The procedure requires complex microsurgical vascular anastomoses and lifelong immunosuppression.
• Pregnancies are achieved via in vitro fertilization, with both living and deceased donors used.

Conclusions:

• Uterus transplantation is a promising, albeit experimental, therapy for absolute uterine factor infertility.
• The procedure is technically challenging, with significant ethical, surgical, and immunological considerations.
• Further multicenter studies are needed to standardize protocols and evaluate long-term outcomes.