Sex Differences in the Age at First Health Service Use for ADHD Among Australian Children
Melissa Mei Yin Cheung1, Tasmia Hai2, Oliver J Watkeys1
1University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Journal of Attention Disorders
|August 1, 2026
Summary
Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) access health services later than boys. This study found girls were diagnosed and treated for ADHD significantly later than boys, highlighting a need for earlier intervention.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Public Health
Background:
- Girls with ADHD are often diagnosed and treated later than boys.
- Existing research suggests potential sex-based disparities in ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
- Understanding differences in initial healthcare-seeking behavior is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the age of first health service use for ADHD between girls and boys.
- To investigate sex-based differences in accessing healthcare for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
- To inform strategies for equitable ADHD care.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of linked administrative health records for 89,587 children in New South Wales, Australia.
- Longitudinal population cohort study tracking participants from birth to approximately 18 years.
- Identification of first ADHD health service use via medication, mental health services, and hospital records.
Main Results:
- 8.3% of children accessed ADHD health services before age 18.
- Girls comprised 5.5% of ADHD service users, compared to 10.9% for boys.
- Girls were significantly older at first service use (median 13.6 years) than boys (median 9.4 years).
Conclusions:
- Girls with ADHD experience delays in accessing health services compared to boys.
- Findings underscore the necessity for improved and timely ADHD recognition and treatment for girls.
- Early intervention for ADHD in girls is critical for better outcomes.
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