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Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and emerging interventions
Mohamed Reda Fazazi1, Kevin Champagne-Jorgensen2, Tamanna Islam3
1Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
Journal of Neuroimmunology
|August 1, 2026
Summary
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is strongly linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) onset and progression. New therapies targeting EBV offer promising treatment avenues for this neuroinflammatory disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Virology
- Demyelinating Diseases
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease.
- Genetic and environmental factors contribute to MS pathogenesis.
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the leading environmental risk factor for MS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evidence linking EBV to MS.
- To examine EBV's impact on current MS therapies.
- To explore novel EBV-targeted therapeutic strategies for MS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current scientific evidence.
- Analysis of EBV's role in MS initiation, relapses, and progression.
- Evaluation of existing MS treatments' effects on EBV.
- Assessment of emerging EBV-specific therapies.
Main Results:
- Strong evidence shows EBV infection precedes MS onset.
- EBV may drive MS through molecular mimicry, B cell immortalization, and reactivation.
- Current MS therapies may indirectly impact EBV by affecting lymphocytes.
- Novel strategies like CAR-T/NK cells and vaccines aim to directly target EBV.
Conclusions:
- EBV plays a significant role in the development and potentially the progression of MS.
- Targeting EBV directly presents a promising therapeutic avenue for MS.
- Further research into EBV-specific interventions is warranted for MS treatment.
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