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Updated: Aug 5, 2026

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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
Published on: February 8, 2019
Giant Cell Arteritis With Normal Inflammatory Markers and Progressive Visual Disturbance
Saranya Kalyanasundaram Lakshmi1, Usman Hassan2, Pramodh Hettiarachchi2
1Geriatrics Department, Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, GBR.
Cureus
|August 2, 2026
Summary
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can present atypically, even with normal inflammatory markers. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible vision loss in suspected GCA cases.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Ophthalmology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis.
- Typical GCA symptoms include headache, jaw claudication, and visual disturbances, often with elevated inflammatory markers.
- Delayed diagnosis of GCA can result in permanent vision loss.