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Confirming the Factor Structure, Concurrent Validity, and Testing the Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Sexual
Kayla J Goruk1, Julie Blais1, Jennifer L McArthur1
1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University.
Journal of Sex Research
|August 2, 2026
Summary
The Process-Based Consent Scale (PBCS) reliably measures consent attitudes across gender and sexual orientation. It shows validity in assessing sexually aggressive behaviors, confirming its cross-group utility.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Sexuality Studies
Background:
- Contemporary consent attitudes require updated measurement tools.
- The Process-Based Consent Scale (PBCS) was developed but lacked cross-group validation.
- Assessing measurement invariance is crucial for valid group comparisons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To confirm the PBCS's bi-factor structure.
- To evaluate measurement invariance across gender and sexual orientation.
- To assess concurrent validity with sexually aggressive behaviors.
Main Methods:
- Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used.
- Measurement invariance was tested across gender (men vs. women/gender-diverse) and sexual orientation (LGB+ vs. non-LGB+).
- Concurrent validity was assessed against sexually aggressive behaviors in a Canadian sample (N=1,046).
Main Results:
- Full configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the PBCS was supported across gender and sexual orientation.
- LGB+ individuals reported more prosocial consent attitudes.
- Women/gender-diverse individuals reported less subtle coercion than men.
- Subtle Coercion and Ongoing Consent scores correlated with sexually aggressive behaviors.
Conclusions:
- The PBCS demonstrates robust measurement invariance across gender and sexual orientation.
- The scale is a valid tool for assessing consent attitudes in diverse populations.
- Findings support the PBCS's utility in research on consent and sexual aggression.
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