[Research progress of biomimetic membrane preparation for myocardial ischemic injury treatment]

Myocardial ischemic injury threatens human health. While monomers or compound formulas of TCM can ameliorate such injury through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms, their clinical efficacy is hampered by poor targeting and low bioavailability. In recent years, biomimetic membrane preparations, primarily biomimetic cell membrane preparations and exosomes, have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for myocardial ischemic injury. Owing to their natural bioactivity, easy engineerability, and other characteristics, they enable the targeted delivery of TCM components to ischemic lesions and facilitate their transport across biological barriers. This review focused on the core pathological mechanisms of myocardial ischemic injury, elaborated on the types and unique functions of biomimetic cell membrane preparations and exosomes, and provided a critical analysis of the design strategies and action mechanisms of such biomimetic cell membrane preparations. Furthermore, it discussed the adaptability of different administration routes and highlighted the potential and the existing challenges of natural biomimetic membrane preparations. The aim of this study is to offer insights for the design, research, and development of biomimetic preparations for myocardial ischemic injury.