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A hybrid 3D-printed temporal bone simulator with simulated bleeding for otologic training
Xiao-Dong Zhang1,2, Wen Lin2, Chang Lin3
1Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Cha ting Road, Gu Lou District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350004, P.R. China.
Summary
A novel 3D-printed temporal bone simulator offers realistic training for otologic procedures, including simulated bleeding. Expert evaluation confirmed its high fidelity and educational value for surgical skill development.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Medical Simulation
- 3D Printing Technology
Background:
- Traditional temporal bone training relies on cadavers, which are limited and costly.
- There is a need for realistic, reproducible simulators for otologic surgery training.
- 3D printing offers potential for creating complex anatomical models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a novel biomimetic temporal bone simulator.
- Utilize a segmented, multi-material hybrid 3D-printing strategy.
- Incorporate a simulated bleeding setup for enhanced realism.
Main Methods:
- Fabricated a modular simulator using stereolithography, PolyJet, and WJP printing for different tissues.
- Included a setup for simulated sigmoid sinus bleeding using blood-mimicking fluid.
- Eight senior otologists evaluated the simulator's fidelity and educational value.
Main Results:
- The simulator accurately reproduced anatomical landmarks and supported otologic procedures.
- Expert ratings for fidelity were favorable (means 3.8-4.9), with acceptable internal consistency.
- Perceived educational value was rated highly (means 3.8-4.7) with good internal consistency.
Conclusions:
- A hybrid 3D-printed temporal bone simulator offers high realism and educational value.
- Simulated bleeding enhances training relevance for otologic surgery.
- This simulator can serve as an adjunct to cadaveric training for skill acquisition and complication management.
